Pollution in New York

Alberto A. Ortiz Bio 112 May 13, 2010 contamination is all around us, everywhere we go, every day we experience near sort of contamination. Babies in the womb atomic chassis 18 much vulnerable than their mothers to deoxyribonucleic acid harm from style defilement, in spite of the additional protection that the placenta is mentation to supply in removing toxins. In a hire of babies and their mothers in pertly York city, scientists found that babies had accumulated a relatively high amount of mutations, and they connected the mutations to vehicle emissions.The babies also had more toxins from secondhand smoke than their mothers, who didnt sluice smoke. This information is listed in environmental Health Perspectives. For many years, scientists have believed that a fetus may be more susceptible to toxins than an adult. Yet, sunlightrise(prenominal) look for among a handful of intumescent studies has analyzed the genetic effects of pollution. It is non known what the we llness effects of this DNA damage, if any, ar for newborns. Exposure to these types of pollutants and tobacco smoke has been linked to increased risk for cancer in adults. This determination raises concern about fetal susceptibility and underscores the importance of reducing line pollution, verbalises Frederica Perera, who led the study at the Columbia Center for Childrens environmental Health in stark naked York City. The study included 265 pairs of nonsmoking African-American and Latina mothers and newborns in New York City. The researchers collected cord blood samples from the babies at the time of rescue and blood samples from the mothers a day later on giving birth.Mothers and newborns had the same train of DNA damage from air pollutants, but the researchers estimate that the fetus is un adjudicated to a ten-fold lower dose of pollutants than the mother because the placenta serves as a filter. Thus, fetuses come on to be particularly susceptible to environmental toxin s and may not be able to clear them from their bodies or repair damaged DNA. The finding that newborns had high take aims of cotinine, a byproduct of nicotine, in their blood than did their mothers reinforces he concern that babies are more affected by secondhand smoke. The scientists were able to measure the level of DNA damage from air pollutants in mothers and newborns by analyzing stretches of mutated DNA, called biomarkers, that have been associated with pic to diesel emissions and other air pollutants. In a previous study of Caucasian women and their newborns in Krakow, Poland, Perera and her colleagues found similar prenatal susceptibility to air pollution.Because New York City has much lower levels of pollution than Krakow, they wanted to check up on if the same damage occurred. New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg has put precedent legislation, which testament provide the first comprehensive everyplacehaul of the New York City Noise Code in over 30 years. Noise is t he number one complaint to the Citys 311 citizen service hotline, currently averaging just about 1,000 calls a day. The proposal provides a flexible environment to keep New Yorks businesses thriving while addressing the number one timberland of action complaint in New York.Mayor Bloomberg said that his new proposal, which was announce in June 2004, was the first overhaul of the Noise Code in over 30 years and would maintain the Citys vibrancy by balancing the need for construction, development and an exciting nightlife with New Yorkers well deserved right to peace and quiet. Building on the success of our enforcement initiative, Operation quiet Night, we are proposing a comprehensive revision to the hoo-ha code that go out make New York quieter and more livable without stifling growth, the Mayor added.The new Noise Code will remove outdated code sections and regenerate them with ones that use the latest acoustic technology and will provide for flexible and reasonable enforc ement. The new code provides updated and sensible means of limiting noise from construction sites located near residential neighborhoods. By establishing uniform lift out management practices for all work sites, using greater discretion in granting permits for night and weekend work and mandating noise management plans that include takeout sound barriers, noise jackets for jackhammers at all construction sites the code will decrease noise pollution.Neighbors apply special lotions after battle arrayering because their skin burns. Tests show that their tap peeing contains arsenic, barium, lead, manganese and other chemicals at concentrations federal regulators say could contribute to cancer and damage the kidneys and nervous system. How can we get digital cable and Internet in our homes, but not clean weewee? said Mrs. Hall-Massey, a senior accountant at one of the claims largest banks. She and her husband, Charles, do not live in some strange corner of Appalachia.Charleston, the state capital, is less than 17 miles from her home. How is this still happening straight off? she asked. When Mrs. Hall-Massey and 264 neighbors sued nine nearby coal companies, accusing them of putting dangerous violent into local wet supplies, their lawyer did not have to look further for evidence. As required by state law, some of the companies had disclosed in reports to regulators that they were pumping into the ground illegal concentrations of chemicals the same pollutants that flowed from residents taps.But state regulators never fined or punished those companies for breaking those pollution laws. The vast majority of those polluters have escape punishment. State officials have repeatedly ignored obvious illegal dumping, and the Environmental Protection Agency, which can prosecute polluters when states fail to act, has often declined to intervene. Because it is difficult to determine what causes diseases like cancer, it is impossible to know how many illnesses are t he results of water pollution, or contaminants role in the health problems of specific individuals.But concerns over these toxins are great enough that Congress and the E. P. A. regulate more than 100 pollutants by dint of the Clean wet Act and strictly limit 91 chemicals or contaminants in tap water through the Safe Drinking Water Act. Research shows that an estimated one in 10 Americans have been exposed to drinkable water that contains dangerous chemicals or fails to meet a federal health benchmark in other ways. Those exposures include carcinogens in the tap water of major American cities and unsafe chemicals in drinking-water wells.Wells, which are not typically regulated by the Safe Drinking Water Act, are more likely to contain contaminants than municipal water systems. Because most of todays water pollution has no scent or taste, many plurality who consume dangerous chemicals do not realize it, even after they become sick, researchers say. The broadest definition of ther mal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature.Thermal pollution is usually associated with increases of water temperatures in a stream, lake, or ocean overdue to the discharge of heated water from industrial processes, such as the multiplication of electricity. Increases in ambient water temperature also occur in streams where blending vegetation along the banks is removed or where sediments have made the water more turbid. Both of these effects allow more energy from the sun to be absorbed by the water and thereby increase its temperature. on that point are also situations in which the effects of colder-than-normal water temperatures may be observed. For example, the discharge of cold bottom water from deep-water reservoirs behind large dams has changed the downstream biological communities in systems such as the Colorado River. http//www. controllingpollution. com/pollution/thermal-pollution/ http//www. nydailynews. com/t opics/Noise+Pollution http//www. dec. ny. gov/chemical/281. html http//www. nytimes. com/2009/12/17/us/17water. html